{"id":3088,"date":"2026-09-25T19:17:09","date_gmt":"2026-09-25T19:17:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wameedalfikr.com\/?p=3088"},"modified":"2026-09-25T19:54:35","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T19:54:35","slug":"%d9%85%d9%8f%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%8c-%d8%a3%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%90%d9%86%d9%8e%d9%88%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a9-%d9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wameedalfikr.com\/?p=3088","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064c \u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064c \u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

Linguistic Approaches: Between Structuralism and Transformationalism<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631: \u0634\u0631\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0650\u0631\u064c \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\/\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\/\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0631.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

charbelmtouma@hotmail.com<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0644\u062e\u0651\u064e\u0635<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0636\u0650\u0641\u064f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0642\u062f\u0650\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0650\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064e\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 “\u062f\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0631”\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0647 “\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a” \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0639\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0643\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646\u0637\u0644\u064e\u0642\u064e\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u064e\u0641\u0642\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u061b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064f\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 “\u062f\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0631” \u0648”\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a”\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064c \u0671\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u064c \u2013 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064c\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0651\u064e\u0644\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062f \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f “\u062f\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0631”\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f “\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a”\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c “\u062f\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0631”\u060c “\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0650\u0643\u0631.<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Between linguistic structuralism and transformational generative grammar, the research problem and its hypotheses arise in an attempt to explain the true nature of language\u2014between a system of signs based on internal relations and the innate mental capacity that allows for the production of an infinite number of sentences. This brief study perhaps highlights the contrast between the structural perspective and the mental awareness of language.<\/p>\n

The fundamental concepts introduced by Saussure\u2014such as the distinction between language and speech, and the relationship between signifier and signified\u2014are worthy of comparison with Chomsky\u2019s important linguistic terms, including competence, performance, and transformational generative grammar. Yet, despite the strength of both models, each contains certain weaknesses and limitations, raising doubts about their adequacy in explaining the nature of language in light of contemporary developments.<\/p>\n

The research approach was based on a comparative descriptive-analytical method: analyzing theoretical texts, discussing their practical applications, critiquing their boundaries, and linking them to cultural and cognitive identity. This creates a kind of integration between Saussure and Chomsky, as language is both a social and mental system. It is important to employ aspects of these theories in analytical fields and to clarify the relationship between language and thought.<\/p>\n

The findings suggest that the study of language cannot be reduced to a single perspective or confined to one theory. Language is a complex human phenomenon: its meanings are constructed through internal relations among signs, and renewed through the innate mental capacity that enables creativity and innovation. Combining Saussure\u2019s structuralism with Chomsky\u2019s mentalism provides a deeper vision of the nature of language.<\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/strong> Structural Linguistics, Saussure, Chomsky, Transformational Grammar, Language and Thought.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064c \u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 Linguistic Approaches: Between Structuralism and Transformationalism \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631: \u0634\u0631\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0650\u0631\u064c \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\/\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\/\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0631.\u00a0 charbelmtouma@hotmail.com \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0644\u062e\u0651\u064e\u0635 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3086,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,37],"tags":[71],"class_list":["post-3088","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sections","category-arabic","tag-71"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wameedalfikr.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3088","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wameedalfikr.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wameedalfikr.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wameedalfikr.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wameedalfikr.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3088"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/wameedalfikr.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3088\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3090,"href":"https:\/\/wameedalfikr.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3088\/revisions\/3090"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wameedalfikr.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3086"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wameedalfikr.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3088"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wameedalfikr.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3088"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wameedalfikr.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3088"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}